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1.
Rev. Inst. Adolfo Lutz (Online) ; 82: e39695, maio 2023. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX, SES-SP | ID: biblio-1523965

ABSTRACT

A incidência da lesão renal aguda caracteriza-se como evento frequente em pacientes críticos internados em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva e está associada ao aumento de mortalidade, causando grande impacto à Saúde Pública. As intercorrências clínicas são minimizadas com intervenções dialíticas, acarretando a exposição do paciente a volumes expressivos de água tratada durante a terapia renal em leito. As análises microbiológicas e de determinação de endotoxinas bacterianas em amostras de água tratada e em soluções de dialisato foram executadas em dois hospitais públicos do município de São Paulo, seguindo metodologias analíticas preconizadas em compêndios oficiais. A avaliação demonstrou que a porcentagem de resultados satisfatórios no período de 2010 a 2022 variou entre 35,2 a 100% e de 40 a 100% para as unidades hospitalares I e II para a água tratada, respectivamente; e, 100% para as soluções de dialisato para a unidade hospitalar I. A eficácia de ações delineadas pelas equipes técnicas das unidades hospitalares, na adequação da água destinada à terapia dialítica, aponta para a importância em estimular outras instituições hospitalares na padronização e implantação de melhoria contínua de seus sistemas de tratamento de água para uso em procedimento dialítico, prevenindo riscos adicionais aos pacientes expostos à terapia renal.


The incidence of acute kidney is high among critically ill patients admitted to Intensive Care Units and is associated with increased mortality, having a major impact on public health. Clinical complications are minimized with dialysis interventions, which expose patients to significant volumes of treated water during in-bed renal therapy. Microbiological analyzes and determination of bacterial endotoxins were performed on treated water samples and dialysate solutions in two public hospitals in São Paulo city, using analytical methodologies recommended in official compendia. The evaluation showed that the percentage of satisfactory results for treated water ranged from 35.2% to 100% in Hospital Unit I and from 40% to 100% in Hospital Unit II between 2010 and 2022. For dialysate solutions in Hospital Unit I, the percentage of satisfactory results was 100% during the same period. The effectiveness of actions implemented by the technical hospital teams, in adapting water for dialysis therapy, points to the importance of encouraging other hospital institutions to standardize and implement a program of continuous improvement for their water treatment systems used in dialysis procedures. This will help to prevent additional risks to patients exposed to renal therapy.


Subject(s)
Water Quality Control , Dialysis/standards , Endotoxins/analysis , Heterotrophic Bacteria , Acute Kidney Injury , Intensive Care Units/standards
2.
Braz. j. biol ; 83: 1-9, 2023. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1468847

ABSTRACT

Since water is one of the essentials for life, the presence and quality of water in the habitat is extremely important. Therefore, water quality change and management of Lake Aygır was investigated in this study. For this, water samples collected from the lake and the irrigation pool between May 2015 and May 2016 were analyzed monthly. Spectrophotometric, titrimetric and microbiological methods were used to determine the water quality. According to some water quality regulations, HCO3, NH4, Cu, Mo, Br, fecal coliform and total suspended solid (TSS) values were found above the limit values. The other 29 parameters comply with Turkish national and international legislations. Lake Aygır was negatively affected by the surrounding settlements and agricultural activities. It is thought that the water resource should be monitored periodically and remedial studies should be done to prevent parameters exceeding the limits. However, Lake Aygır was generally suitable for drinking, use, fishing and irrigation.


Como a água é um dos elementos essenciais para a vida, a presença e a qualidade da água no habitat são extremamente importantes. Portanto, a mudança da qualidade da água e a gestão do lago Aygır foram investigadas neste estudo. Para isso, amostras de água coletadas no lago e na piscina de irrigação entre maio de 2015 e maio de 2016 foram analisadas mensalmente. Métodos espectrofotométricos, titulométricos e microbiológicos foram usados para determinar a qualidade da água. De acordo com alguns regulamentos de qualidade da água, os valores de HCO3, NH4, Cu, Mo, Br, coliformes fecais e total sólido suspenso (TSS) foram encontrados acima dos valores limite. Os outros 29 parâmetros estão em conformidade com as legislações nacionais e internacionais turcas. O lago Aygır foi afetado negativamente pelos assentamentos e atividades agrícolas ao redor. Pensa-se que o recurso hídrico deve ser monitorado periodicamente e estudos corretivos devem ser feitos para evitar que os parâmetros ultrapassem os limites. No entanto, o lago Aygır era geralmente adequado para beber, usar, pescar e irrigar.


Subject(s)
Human Settlements/policies , Water Microbiological Characteristics/analysis , Water Chemical Characteristics/analysis , Water Quality Control , Water Quality
3.
Rev. Investig. Salud. Univ. Boyacá ; 9(2): 44-61, 20220000. tab, fig
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1444143

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El agua salubre y fácilmente accesible es importante para la salud pública, si se utiliza para beber, uso doméstico, producir alimentos o fines recreativos. El agua contaminada y el saneamiento deficiente están re-lacionados con la transmisión de enfermedades. Objetivo: Evaluar las características físico-químicas y microbiológicas de la red de distribución del acueducto urbano de un municipio de Boyacá. Materiales y métodos: Estudio cuantitativo descriptivo transversal. Se tomaron muestras de agua en 13 puntos, 7 concertados y materializados de la red de distribución, uno en la bocatoma de entrada de la planta, dos pozos y tres nacimientos, de donde se abastece la población. Se realizaron análisis físicos, químicos y microbiológicos de cada una de las muestras. Resultados: En las muestras sin tratamiento hubo concentraciones altas de unidades platino, cobalto y turbiedad. El cloro residual libre en dos muestras de agua tratada estaba por debajo de los límites establecidos. Se detecta-ron microorganismos heterótrofos y coliformes en las muestras de agua obtenidas de fuentes de abastecimiento. En dos puntos se encontraron quistes de Giardia y ooquistes de Cryptosporidium. De las 13 muestras estudiadas, tres arrojaron un índice de riesgo por calidad del agua inviable sanitariamente. Conclusiones: Se evidenció que el agua se encuentra en un nivel de riesgo inviable sanitariamente, lo cual demuestra que el sistema de tratamiento es insuficiente para garantizar el suministro de agua apta para el consumo humano.


Introduction: Safe and easily accessible water is important to public health, whether it is used for drinking, domestic use, food production, or recreational purposes. Contaminated water and poor sanitation are linked to disease transmission. Objective: Evaluate the physical chemical and microbiological characteristics of the distribution network of the urban aqueduct of a municipality of Boyacá. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional descriptive quantitative study, water samples were taken at thirteen points, seven points agreed and materialized from the distribution network, one at the entrance of the plant, one in a deep well and in three births, where it is supplied the population. Phy-sical, chemical and microbiological analyzes were performed. Results: The untreated samples showed high levels of cobalt platinum units and turbidity. The free residual chlorine in two samples of treated water was below the established limits. Heterotrophic and Coliform microorganisms were detected in water samples obtained from sources of supply. At two points, Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts were found. Of the Thirteen samples studied, three showed a Risk Index for sanitary water quality. Conclusions: It is evident that the water is at a level of sanitary unfeasible risk, which demonstrates that the treatment system is not sufficient to guarantee the supply of water suitable for human consumption.


Introdução: Água segura e de fácil acesso é importante para a saúde pública, seja ela usada para beber, uso doméstico, produção de alimentos ou para fins recreativos. A água contaminada e o sa-neamento precário estão ligados à transmissão de doenças. Objetivos: Avaliar as características físico-químicas e microbiológicas da rede de distribuição do aque-duto urbano de um município de Boyacá. Materiais e métodos: Estudo quantitativo descritivo transversal. Foram coletadas amostras de água em 13 pontos, 7 concertados e materializados da rede de distribuição, um na entrada da planta, dois poços e três nascentes, dos quais a população é abastecida. Foram realizadas analises físicas, químicas e microbiológicas em cada uma das amostras. Resultados: Nas amostras não tratadas havia concentrações altas de unidades platina, cobalto e turbidez. O cloro residual livre em duas amostras de água tratada estava abaixo dos limites estabele-cidos. Microrganismos heterótrofos e coliformes foram detectados em amostras de água obtidas de fontes de abastecimento. Os cistos de Giardia e os oocistos de Cryptosporidium foram encontrados em dois pontos. Das 13 amostras estudadas, três apresentaram um índice de risco para a qualidade não higiénica da água. Conclusões: Ficou evidente que a água está em um nível de risco sanitário inviável, o que mostra que o sistema de tratamento é insuficiente para garantir o abastecimento da água adequada para o consumo humano.


Subject(s)
Water Quality Control , Water Quality , Cryptosporidium , Coliforms , Giardia
4.
Braz. j. biol ; 82: 1-3, 2022. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1468454

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to report the first record of Trichodina heterodentata in banded knifefish Gymnotus carapo. Banded knifefish cultivated in the municipality of Jataí, state of Goiás, in the central western region of Brazil, experienced fish mortality rates of 3-4% per tank. Macroscopic analysis found that fish had lesions on their skin and gills. Smears of the integument and gills were confectioned and air-dried at room temperature and impregnated with silver nitrate to identify the Trichodinidae species causing the lesions. The trichodinid were identified as T. heterodentata, and their characteristics were compared to those from T. heterodentata recorded from other species of host fish. It was observed that the presence of T. heterodentata was associated with inadequate fish management, low water quality, high rates of stocking density, and inadequate nutritional management.


O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar o primeiro registro de Trichodina heterodentata em tuviras Gymnotus carapo. Um cultivo de tuviras no município de Jataí, estado de Goiás, na região Centro-Oeste do Brasil, apresentou taxas de mortalidade de peixes de 3-4% por tanque. A análise macroscópica constatou que os peixes tinham lesões na pele e brânquias. Raspados do tegumento e brânquias foram confeccionadas e secas ao ar à temperatura ambiente e impregnadas com nitrato de prata para identificar as espécies de Trichodinidae causadoras das lesões. Os tricodinídeos foram identificados como T. heterodentata, e suas características foram comparadas com as de T. heterodentata registradas para outras espécies de peixes hospedeiros. Observou-se que a presença de T. heterodentata estava associada ao manejo inadequado dos peixes, baixa qualidade da água, altas taxas de densidade de estocagem e manejo nutricional inadequado.


Subject(s)
Animals , Water Quality Control , Gymnotiformes/parasitology , Population Density
5.
Rio de Janeiro; rBLH; 2 rev; set. 2021. [7] p. ilus.(Normas técnicas BLH-IFF/NT, 1, 6). (BLH-IFF/NT 06.21).
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS, BVSAM | ID: biblio-1369516

ABSTRACT

Esta Norma Técnica tem por objetivo estabelecer os critérios do controle de qualidade da água de acordo com os padrões de potabilidade vigentes em Bancos de Leite Humano e Postos de Coleta de Leite Humano, visando a garantia da qualidade nestes serviços e sua certificação.


Subject(s)
Water Quality Control , Milk Banks/standards , Breast Milk Expression , Water Potability Standard , Brazil
7.
Acta sci., Biol. sci ; 43: e52901, 2021. map, ilus, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1460997

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to evaluate the microbiological quality of the water of four ponds used for irrigation on the Lagoa do Sino Farm, as well as to perform the genotypic characterization of virulence factors in Escherichia coli isolates. Sampling was conducted for 11 months, between 2015 and 2016. Samples were analyzed for the presence of thermotolerant coliforms, E. coli and heterotrophs. DNA was extracted from E. coli isolates, followed by genotypic characterization by polymerase chain reaction. Agricultural activities and pesticides used in the sampling period were documented in order to assess possible relationships between agricultural activities and microbiological water quality. The absence of suitable riparian vegetation around all the ponds was observed, benefiting the entry of organic matter and contaminants in the water body. A high index of thermotolerant coliforms in some months indicated the possibility of the transmission of pathogenic microorganisms in these ponds. The values found in some months were above the regulatory limits for water potability and water intended for irrigation. The agrochemicals used in the period seem to influence the results obtained. All 17 E. coli isolates showed at least one of the virulence genes estA, stx1, stx2, and aatA, indicating enterotoxigenic, enterohaemorrhagic or enteroaggregative nature. The presence of E. coli in the waters may be associated with the presence of animals. The water samples analyzed are not suitable for irrigation of vegetables that are consumed raw and/or low lying fruits ingested without skin removal. It is essential to broaden the control of the use of chemicals, as well as the preservation of riparian vegetation to improve the quality of water used in the farm's agricultural activities.


Subject(s)
Water Quality Control , Escherichia coli , Water Quality
8.
Rev. Asoc. Colomb. Cien. Biol. (En línea) ; 2(33): 143-153, 2021. graf, tab, ilus, mapas
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1379320

ABSTRACT

Introducción. El perifiton se entiende como una comunidad compleja de microorganismos entre los cuales se encuentran principalmente organismos fotosintéticos y zooplancton adheridos a sustratos, su estudio permite conocer el funcionamiento de los ecosistemas acuáticos, así como el estado y ecología de las comunidades presentes. Objetivo. Evaluar la calidad de agua a partir de la diversidad de perifiton del caño Barandas en la Reserva Natural El Diamante de Las Aguas, en el departamento de Guaviare. Metodología. se midieron las variables fisicoquímicas pH, oxígeno disuelto y temperatura en 5 estaciones a lo largo de 200 metros del cuerpo de agua, se tomaron muestras de perifiton sobrepuesto en superficies de roca, tronco y hojarasca, por medio de un raspado en el interior de un marco de 2x2 cm con 3 repeticiones; para la identificación de los organismos se observaron 25 alícuotas durante 5 minutos por alicuota; para evaluar la calidad de agua, se realizaron índices de diversidad de Shannon-Wiener, Simpson, Menhinick, análisis de correspondencia canónica y el índice biológico de contaminación (IBC). Resultados. Se obtuvieron 465 registros, distribuidos en 82 géneros, los más representativos fueron Campylodiscus (5.81%), Tribonema (8.60%), Ophyoctium (10.75%) y Microspora (11.40%). El BCI arrojó como resultado 11,7 lo cual indica que es una zona de agua limpia. Conclusión. Las variables evaluadas presentaron una relación directa con las comunidades de perifiton encontradas en las estaciones. Los índices de diversidad mostraron que en este caño hay una alta diversidad en las comunidades de perifiton, lo cual indica una buena calidad de agua.


Introduction. The periphyton is understood as a complex community of microorganisms among which are mainly photosynthetic organisms and zooplankton adhered to substrates, its study allows to know the functioning of aquatic ecosystems, as well as the state and ecology of the communities present. Objetive. To evaluate the water quality from the diversity of periphyton of Caño Barandas in the El Diamante de Las Aguas, Natural Reserve in the department of Guaviare. Methodology. The physicochemical variables pH, dissolved oxygen and temperature were measured in 5 stations along 200 meters in the water-body, followed by samples of the periphyton superimposed on rock surfaces, trunk and litter, by means of a scraping inside a 2x2 cm frame, with 3 repetitions, subsequently, for the identification of the organisms, 25 aliquots were observed for 5 minutes per aliquot. to evaluate the water quality. Shannon-Wiener, Simpson, Menhinick diversity indices, canonical correspondence analysis and the biological contamination index, Results. A total of 465 records were obtained, distributed in 82 genera, the most representative were Campylodiscus (5.81%), Tribonema (8.60%), Ophyoctium (10.75%) and Microspora (11.40%). The latter gave 11.7 as a result, which indicates that it is a clean water area. Conclusion. The evaluated variables presented a direct relationship with the periphyton communities found in the stations. The diversity indices showed that in this area there is a high diversity in the periphyton communities, which indicates a good water quality.


Subject(s)
Water Quality Control , Periphyton , Biodiversity
9.
Saúde Soc ; 28(2): 297-309, abr.-jun. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1014595

ABSTRACT

Resumen Este artículo pretende analizar la evolución de la mortalidad por enfermedades transmitidas por el agua durante el primer decenio del siglo XXI, por grupos de edades, comparando dos países del cono sur: Argentina y Brasil. Se estiman Años de Esperanza de Vida Perdidos (AEVP) por causa de muerte en base a la técnica descripta por Eduardo Arriaga. Para todas las estimaciones de defunción se utilizan promedios móviles para establecer dos períodos: 2000-2002 y 2009-2011. Se observa una tendencia general a la disminución de la mortalidad por enfermedades relacionadas con el agua, tanto en Argentina como en Brasil, con una velocidad de reducción promedio de los años de vida perdidos cercana al 1% anual. Esta reducción no es uniforme para todas las enfermedades relacionadas a este grupo de causas; de hecho existen causas que aumentan su mortalidad en el período estudiado, aunque en su mayoría se trata de brotes epidémicos. Por otro lado, el grupo de causas analizado impacta más en las edades más vulnerables: los menores de 1 año y los mayores de 50 años. Las intervenciones aisladas que se hacen sobre la higiene del agua, no logran por sí solas alcanzar los niveles de éxito deseado frente a este tipo de afecciones, que dependen de otros factores asociados a las condiciones de salud, la calidad de vida y la educación sanitaria.


Abstract This article aims at analyzing the evolution of mortality from waterborne diseases during the first decade of the 21st century, by age groups, comparing two countries of the southern cone: Argentina and Brazil. The method of years of potential life lost (YPLL) due to death, based on the technique described by Eduardo Arriaga, was used. For all death estimates, moving averages are used to establish two periods: 2000-2002 and 2009-2011. There is a general trend towards a reduction in mortality because of water-related diseases, both in Argentina and Brazil, with an average reduction rate of years of life lost close to 1% per year. This reduction is not uniform for all diseases related to this group of causes; in fact, there are causes that increase their mortality in the period studied, although most are epidemic outbreaks. On the other hand, the group of causes analyzed impacts more on the most vulnerable ages: those under 1 year old and those over 50 years old. The isolated interventions made on the hygiene of the water do not reach the levels of desired success by themselves considering this type of affections, that depend on other factors associated to the health conditions, the quality of life and the health education.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Water Quality Control , Health Education , Disease Outbreaks , Mortality , Water Purification , Waterborne Diseases
10.
Rev. Cient. CRO-RJ (Online) ; 3(1): 29-35, Jan.-Apr. 2018.
Article in English | BBO, LILACS | ID: biblio-1021154

ABSTRACT

Introduction: It is known that the municipality of Baía da Traição, Brazil, has a system for fluoridation of the water supply. Objective: To evaluate the fluoride concentration (F-) of the public water supply in the city of Baía da Traição-PB. Methods: Public water samples were collected in 13 sites, being one in the urban zone (downtown) and 12 in the rural zone (indigenous villages). In each site, three distinct collection points were selected for convenience between November 2015 and January 2016. The analysis was performed in duplicate using a fluoride ion- specific electrode coupled to a potentiometer, previously calibrated. The samples (750 µL) were added to 750 µL of TISAB II solution, considered on a calibration curve with concentrations of 0.2 to 1 mg/L. Results: In November, December and January, respectively, concentrations of F- in the downtown area were 0.32, 0.11 and 0.09 mg/L, while the average concentrations in the indigenous villages were 0.08 (± 0.02), 0.08 (± 0.03) and 0.07 (± 0.02) mg/L. All samples had concentrations below the recommended levels (<0.60 mg/L) by the Ministry of Health for the anticaries benefit. Conclusion: The public water supply of Baía da Traição presented concentrations of F- insufficient to prevent dental caries at the population level.


Introdução: É sabido que o município de Baía da Traição possuía sistema de fluoretação de águas de abastecimento. Objetivo: Avaliar a concentração de fluoreto (F-) na água de abastecimento público do município de Baía da Traição-PB. Métodos: Amostras de água de abastecimento público foram coletadas em 13 locais, sendo um na zona urbana (Centro) e 12 distribuídas na zona rural (aldeias indígenas). Para cada local, três pontos de coleta distintos foram selecionados por conveniência entre novembro de 2015 e janeiro de 2016. A análise foi realizada em duplicata, utilizando-se um eletrodo íon-específico para fluoreto acoplado a um potenciômetro, previamente calibrados. As amostras (750 µL) foram adicionadas a 750 µL de solução TISAB II, consideradas a uma curva de calibração com concentrações de 0,2 a 1 mg/L. Resultados: Em novembro, dezembro e janeiro, respectivamente, as concentrações de F- no Centro foram 0,32, 0,11 e 0,09 mg/L, e a média das aldeias indígenas, 0,08 (±0,02), 0,08 (±0,03) e 0,07 (±0,02) mg/L. Todas as amostras apresentaram concentrações abaixo do recomendado (<0,60 mg/L) pelo Ministério da Saúde para o benefício anticárie. Conclusão: Portanto, as águas de abastecimento público de Baía da Traição apresentaram concentrações de F- insuficientes para prevenir a cárie dentária em nível populacional.


Subject(s)
Water Supply , Fluoridation , Water Quality Control , Public Health Surveillance , Fluorides
11.
Lima; Perú. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas; 20180200. 21 p. tab.
Monography in Spanish | LILACS, MINSAPERU | ID: biblio-987706

ABSTRACT

El documento contiene: la finalidad, objetivos, ámbito de aplicación, base legal para el plan de vigilancia y control de la calidad de agua.


Subject(s)
Water Quality Criteria , Health Facilities , Water Quality Control
12.
Rev. Inst. Adolfo Lutz ; 77: e1744, 2018. ilus, map, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1489568

ABSTRACT

As condições de coleta e o transporte das amostras de água tratada para uso em diálise são etapas críticas para garantir a qualidade dos resultados analíticos. A temperatura no transporte de amostras deve assegurar a manutenção das características físicas e biológicas desde a coleta até o recebimento pelo laboratório analítico. O objetivo deste estudo foi de qualificar o transporte de amostras de água tratada para diálise desde os Serviços de Diálise do estado de São Paulo até o Instituto Adolfo Lutz, realizado durante a execução do Programa Estadual de Monitoramento. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que o sistema adotado, utilizando-se caixas isotérmicas e gelo reutilizável, é capaz de garantir as condições adequadas de temperatura durante o transporte do ponto de coleta das amostras até o laboratório analítico.


The conditions for collecting and transporting the dialysis water samples are the critical steps to assure the quality of the analytical results. The temperature during the water samples transport should ensure the maintenance of the physical and biological characteristics of samples from their collections to the analytical laboratory. The objective of this study was to qualify the transport of the dialysis water samples from the Dialysis Services of the state of São Paulo to the Adolfo Lutz Institute, during the performance of the State Monitoring Program. By using the isothermal boxes and the reusable ices, the obtained results indicated that the adopted system were able to guarantee the adequate temperature conditions during the transport from the sample collection point to the analytical laboratory.


Subject(s)
Water Samples , Water Quality Control , Water Monitoring , Preservation of Water Samples/methods , Dialysis
13.
Rev. luna azul ; (44): 94-119, ene.-jun. 2017. ilus, map, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-902046

ABSTRACT

El presente artículo da a conocer los resultados obtenidos de una investigación desarrollada en el Lago Guamués , la finalidad fue establecer la estructura térmica a escala temporal, para lo cual se llevaron a cabo muestreos en los meses de enero a septiembre de 2013, en 10 puntos que abarcan la totalidad de ambientes presentes en el Lago. Para alcanzar el objetivo planteado se realizaron mediciones in situ de los parámetros de temperatura del agua, oxígeno disuelto y profundidad, mediante la utilización una sonda paramétrica de calidad de agua YSI 6600 V2. Se construyeron los perfiles de temperatura y oxígeno disuelto en la columna de agua y se analizó el comportamiento de la estructura térmica del lago Guamués . Entre los principales resultados obtenidos se encontró que el lago presenta periodos de mezcla completa en julio y septiembre y se encuentra estratificado en mayo, situación que se relaciona directamente con la estacionalidad, es decir, que en las épocas de lluvia favorece la mezcla completa y en épocas de verano se presenta la estratificación térmica del lago, situación que permitió clasificarlo como un lago monomíctico cálido. Finalmente, se resalta la importancia de este estudio en razón que la zona de estudio reviste de características especiales y particulares que han permitido categorizarlo como un ecosistema RAMSAR, dado todo el potencial ecosistémico manifestado en su biodiversidad, bienes y servicios ambientales brindados a la población. No obstante, los estudios existentes sobre la dinámica de la estructura térmica son inexistentes en la región y escasos en sistemas de Colombia, principalmente en lagos de alta montaña, ya que la gran mayoría de estudios se han desarrollado en lagos templados y embalses tropicales.


This article discloses the results of research conducted on Lake Guamués , the purpose was to establish the thermal structure timescale. For this, sampling was conducted in 10 locations of the lake covering all of its different environments during the months of January through September 2013. To achieve the stated objective, in situ measurements of the parameters such as water temperature, dissolved oxygen and depth were taken using a parametric probe of water quality YSI 6600 V2. Profiles of temperature and dissolved oxygen in the water column were built and the behavior of the thermal structure of the lake Guamués was analyzed. Among the main results, we found that the lake has periods of complete mixing in July and September and is stratified in May, a situation that is directly related to the seasonality that is, in the rainy season favors complete mixture and in the summertime lake thermal stratification occurs, allowing classify it as a monomictic warm lake. Finally, the importance of this study is highlighted because the study area has special and particular characteristics that have allowed categorizing it as a RAMSAR ecosystem, thanks to the ecosystemical potential manifested in its biodiversity, goods and environmental services provided to the population, however, existing studies about the dynamics of thermal structure are nonexistent in the region and few in the systems of Colombia, mainly in high mountain lakes because the majority of studies have been developed in warm lakes and tropical reservoirs.


Subject(s)
Humans , Thermal Stratification , Water Quality Criteria , Lake Water Collection , Water Quality Control
14.
Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. (Online) ; 53(2): e16070, 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-839483

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of water purification system and identify the bacteria this system, predict bacterial adherence according to the hydrophobicity of these microorganisms and of the polypropylene distribution loop for purified water. The assessment of drinking water that supplies the purification system allowed good-quality physical, chemical, and microbiological specifications. The physicochemical specifications of the distributed purified water were approved, but the heterotrophic bacteria count was higher than allowed (>2 log CFU mL-1).The sanitation of the storage tank with chlorine decreased the number of bacteria adhered to the surface (4.34 cycles log). By sequencing of the 16SrDNA genes, six species of bacteria were identified. The contact angle was determined and polypropylene surface and all bacteria were considered to be hydrophilic, and adhesion was thermodynamically unfavorable. This case study showed the importance of monitoring the water quality in the purified water systems and the importance of sanitization with chemical agents. The count of heterotrophic bacteria on the polypropylene surface was consistent with the predicted thermodynamics results because the number of adhered cells reached approximate values of 5 log CFU cm-2.


Subject(s)
Water Quality Control , Water Purification/instrumentation , Biodiversity , Forecasting , Rabies/physiopathology , Drinking Water
16.
NOVA publ. cient ; 14(26): 63-78, July-Dec. 2016. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-955168

ABSTRACT

El uso eficiente del agua determina el futuro del cultivo de arroz en Colombia frente a los tratados de libre comercio, ya que es un factor que condiciona el área sembrada, el rendimiento de la cosecha y los costos de producción, además de su sostenibilidad en el tiempo. Por lo tanto, se presenta una revisión de las tecnologías desarrolladas a nivel mundial enfocadas al ahorro del agua en el cultivo de arroz en condiciones aeróbicas y anaeróbicas. Se resaltan tecnologías alternativas que superan al sistema convencional en rendimiento y en la cantidad de arroz cosechado por metro cúbico de agua invertido. En la reflexión para Colombia, se destacan aspectos importantes para la construcción de la agenda de investigación y la apropiación social de las tecnologías alternativas con miras a la optimización del recurso hídrico en el cultivo de arroz; se recomienda priorizar el arroz aeróbico y la medición efectiva del consumo de agua, indispensable para controlar su uso, planear, dirigir y entender cómo estas tecnologías alternativas conducen a la recuperación de la inversión de los agricultores y a la rentabilidad del cultivo.


Water use efficiency, given that it conditions the sown areas, yield and production costs, as well as its sustainability, determines the future of rice production in Colombia against the FDA. This paper presents a review of the globally developed technologies for water saving in rice production under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The authors highlight alternative technologies that surpass the conventional system in terms of yield and harvest per cubic meter of water used. In the reflection for Colombia, the authors highlight important features for the research agenda and the social appropriation of alternative technologies with a view to optimizing water resources usage for rice production. Recommendations include the prioritizing of aerobic rice and the effective measurement of water consumption, which is indispensable for its use, and for planning, directing, and understanding how these alternative technologies can lead to the recovery of the investment made by agricultural workers and crop profitability.


Subject(s)
Humans , Water Quality Control , Oryza , Bacteria, Aerobic , Culture Media, Conditioned
17.
Rev. bras. ciênc. vet ; 23(3-4): 133-137, jul./dez. 2016. il.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-967971

ABSTRACT

This study evaluated the microbiological quality of the water of 33 poultry sheds seeking to identify the presence of biofilm-producing Escherichia coli. The swab samples of the surface of the drinkers were analyzed by the inhibition test to detect the most effective disinfectant for removing these bacterial communities. The multiple-tube and mesophilic counts techniques were used to analyze the water samples. The swabs were plated on EMB agar followed by Rugai medium to identify E. coli. The biofilm was detected by the optical density readings and the Congo red agar method. Overall, 15 strains of Escherichia coli were detected in the swabs of the drinkers, of which 8 were biofilm producers. Regarding the water quality, 15 (45.45%) of the 33 evaluated water samples had bacterial growth while only two (13.33%) produced gas. The test with disinfectants showed that chlorine and chlorhexidine were not effective to control the E. coli biofilm production. Therefore, a strict control is essential to ensure the safety of the water supplied to the animals in broiler sheds and to eliminate the biofilm-forming E. coli that have shown to be potentially resistant to the sanitizers commonly used in the cleaning processes.


Objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade microbiológica da água de 33 galpões avícolas, identificar a presença de Escherichia coli produtoras de biofilmes em amostras de suabes de superfície dos bebedouros e analisar por teste de inibição o desinfetante mais eficiente para remoção dessas comunidades bacterianas. Foi utilizada a técnica dos tubos múltiplos e contagem de mesófilas para as amostras de água. Os suabes foram semeados em Ágar EMB, e posteriormente em meio Rugai para identificação de E. coli. Para análise de produção de biofilme foi feita a leitura da Densidade Óptica e o método do Ágar Vermelho Congo. Foram identificadas 15 cepas de E. coli nos suabes de bebedouros, sendo que 8 foram produtoras de biofilme. Quanto ao padrão de qualidade da água, observou-se que das 33 amostras de água avaliadas, 15 (45,45%) tiveram crescimento bacteriano, sendo que somente duas (13,33%) produziram gás. Para o teste com desinfetantes, o cloro e o clorexidine não se mostraram eficientes no controle da produção de biofilmes de E. coli. Dessa forma, torna-se essencial o controle rigoroso nos galpões de frangos de corte para garantir a inocuidade da água fornecida aos animais e a eliminação de E. coli potencialmente formadoras de biofilmes resistentes aos sanitizantes mais comumente usados nos processos de limpeza.


Subject(s)
Animals , Water Quality Control , Escherichia coli
18.
São Paulo; s.n; 2016. 138 p.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-871059

ABSTRACT

Introdução - A prática de reúso pela aplicação de esgotos tratados na agricultura atualmente é considerada parte integrante dos recursos hídricos por muitas nações. No entanto, oferece riscos à saúde da população pela presença de bactérias, cistos de protozoários, ovos de helmintos e vírus, capazes de sobreviver por longos períodos em ambientes desfavoráveis e apresentarem um curto tempo entre a infecção e o desenvolvimento da doença. Objetivo - Estabelecer medidas preventivas para o lançamento de efluentes nos ecossistemas aquáticos, controle sanitário na redução de patógenos transmitidos por águas contaminadas e a disposição de efluentes tratados em solos tropicais como ferramentas de auxílio do manejo integrado dos recursos hídricos em bacias hidrográficas, por meio do uso de metodologia de gerenciamento de risco com aplicação do Sistema APPCC, em um conjunto de tecnologias na produção de efluente tratado de esgoto de origem doméstica para avaliar o potencial de emprego em solos agrícolas. Métodos - A pesquisa foi desenvolvida na estação de tratamento de esgoto e no campo experimental para pesquisas de utilização de efluente na agricultura no município de Lins. Os indicadores biológicos estudados e os pontos de amostragem foram determinados através da utilização da metodologia de controle de qualidade Análise de Perigos e Pontos Críticos de Controle (APPCC). Foram coletadas amostras do solo irrigado e dos poços de monitoramento do lençol freático.


Introduction - Currently, the practice of reuse through the application of treated sewage in agriculture considers an integral part of water resources for many nations. However, threatens the health of the population by the presence of bacteria, protozoan cysts, helminth eggs and viruses able to survive for long periods in harsh environments and present a short time between infection and development of disease. Objective - Establish preventive measures for the release of effluents on aquatic ecosystems, sanitary control in the reduction of pathogens transmitted by contaminated water and the disposal of treated effluent in tropical soils as aid tools in integrated management of water resources in river basins. For this purpose it was employed as risk management methodology the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points system (HACCP) in a set of technologies in the treated effluent production of domestic sewage to assess the employment potential in agricultural soils. Methods - The study was conducted in the sewage treatment plant and in an adjoining experimental field situated at Lins city. The biological indicators and the sampling points were determined by using the quality control methodology Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP).


Subject(s)
Agricultural Irrigation , Treated Effluents , Water Purification , Wastewater Use , Water Microbiology , Water Quality Control , Environmental Hazards , Public Health , Sewage , Tropical Ecosystem
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